An intrauterine device (IUD) is a long-acting, reversible form of birth control that’s inserted into your uterus, preventing pregnancy for up to 10 years. If you do decide to become pregnant or you no longer want it, you can get it removed at any time.
Since IUDs are an extremely effective form of birth control, it’s important to educate yourself about all of your options. Today, this article discusses the different types of IUDs, how long they last and possible side effects and risks so you can make informed decisions about your reproductive health.
Different Types and How They Work
Educating yourself on different types of birth control can put you in the driver’s seat of your reproductive health. If you’re looking for long-term birth control, IUDs are one option. Next to surgical options, they are the most effective form of birth control. They are small, T-shaped plastic devices that are inserted into the uterus. There are two different types: copper and hormonal.
Copper IUDs
These are wrapped in copper and work by causing an inflammatory response to the uterine lining, making it hard for sperm and egg to fertilize and implant.
Hormonal IUDs
This type contains the hormone levonorgestrel (a type of progestin) and releases small amounts of it to thicken cervical mucous, making it difficult for sperm to get into your uterus. It also thins the uterine lining and sometimes stops an egg from releasing during your period.
Both types make it very difficult for fertilization and implantation of an embryo to occur.
How Long Do IUDs Last?
How long an IUD lasts will depend on the brand. There are currently five brands approved by the FDA lasting anywhere from three years up to 10 years. Every IUD is easy to remove by a provider when you no longer need it.
How to Decide Which One Is Right for You
Many factors go into which type of IUD you get. Choosing any type of birth control is a very personal choice.
Your decision might be influenced by:
- Personal preference
- How long each type lasts
- Whether you want hormones or not
- Your personal medical history
Before you decide, you should meet with a trusted healthcare provider who can answer all of your questions and give you recommendations.
How Can An IUD Affect Your Period?
Your period can be affected by any long-acting birth control, and everyone is different. For hormonal IUDs, some people will have bleeding for up to three months after insertion, some will continue to have their period and others will get their periods very infrequently.
Copper IUDs can make period cramps worse, and your period may become heavier for the first few months.
If this affects which one you decide to get, ask your doctor how each IUD typically affects periods, and try the one you feel most comfortable with. Everyone is different, and you won’t know how it will affect you until you try it.
IUD Insertion
Insertion is simple and is done in your doctor’s office. It usually takes 10-15 minutes and most women tolerate it without any problems. Similarly to getting a cervical cancer screening, your provider will use a speculum to widen your vagina and insert the IUD in your uterus. You may feel some mild discomfort and cramping during insertion.
If you’re worried about insertion being painful, talk to your doctor about pain management options or ask if they numb the area before insertion. It’s important to get all of your questions answered.
Questions to ask before insertion
Getting long-acting birth control is a very personal choice, so it’s important to get all of your questions answered before you get it.
Here are some common questions you may want to ask your doctor:
- Does IUD insertion hurt?
- Will it hurt after it’s inserted?
- What pain management techniques do you recommend?
- How soon is it effective?
- What is IUD removal like?
- What are the side effects?
- Are there any risks?
Side Effects And Risks
The most common side effects are the changes it can have on your period. Bleeding may be heavier, irregular or you may stop getting your period altogether.
Risks and complications are minimal but should be considered before insertion. Risks include:
- Expulsion: This is when the IUD slips out. When this happens, it’s usually in the first few months following insertion.
- Perforation: This is when the IUD pierces the uterine wall.
- High-risk pregnancy: Getting pregnant with an IUD is rare, but if you do become pregnant, you may be at risk for complications by having an IUD in place.
It’s also important to note that IUDs do not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs), so you’ll want to use another method to protect against them.
Cancer Risks
Studies show that IUDs may reduce the risk of ovarian and uterine cancers. However, among women who use progestin-only birth control, there is a small increased risk for breast cancer. It is unclear if the same risk applies to hormonal IUDs, so it’s important to ask your doctor if you have any questions or concerns.
Since IUDs are an extremely effective form of birth control, many obstetricians and gynecologists are recommending them. It’s important to fully understand how they work and get all of your questions answered. If you have any more questions, make an appointment with a trusted healthcare provider to get your questions answered.
Sources
How Effective Are IUDs And How Quickly Do They Start Working
